• What is Cloud Computing?

    Cloud computing, also called on-demand computing is a new kind of computation based on the internet. The engineering program or application software, usually needs to be installed on a personal computer to execute the calculations, is now replaced by a server or servers that provide solutions to meet the demand from the customers and the enterprises. The user’s computer, or iPad or cell phone that is networking and given right to access to the server, will be able to perform the …

  • Engineering Software in Cloud (PaaS vs SaaS)

    While it is now a trend to develop or transform engineering software applications to Clouding Computing or Cloud Services, it is important to understand the fundamental differences between the two models, Software as a Service (SaaS) and Platform as a Service (PaaS).

    PaaS

    PaaS distributes traditional software in a cloud environment.

    The software applications do not need to be installed or downloaded onto the user’s PC. Instead, the user will be assigned a virtual machine (VM) …

  • Bubble Point and Dew Point

    Run Module

    The Bubble Point is the temperature and pressure at which the first bubble of a vapor appears from a liquid mixture. The Dew Point is the temperature and pressure at which the first “dew” comes out from a gas mixture.

    The bubble point temperature may be obtained by heating a liquid at a constant pressure till a first “bubble” come out. It is also the temperature at which the vapor is in equilibrium with the liquid for the given composition. For a pure …

  • Phase Envelope Diagrams and Isometric Lines (Quality Lines)

    Run Module

    On a P-T diagram of a multicomponent mixture, it shows a temperature and pressure region usually encircled by a curve known as phase envelope. The closed area co-exists two phases. The phase envelope usually consists of a bubble point curve, a dew point curve and a critical point.

    In the two-phase region on the P-T diagram, a curve graphing temperature against pressure on which the volume of the mixture remains constant is called isochore or isometric line. For reservoir …

  • Cricondentherm Hydrocarbon Dew Point

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    The hydrocarbon dew point is the temperature at which the first “dew” comes out from a gas mixture for a given pressure. And the highest dew point temperature on a liquid-vapor curve is called cricondentherm hydrocarbon dew point (CHDP) (see the plot).

    It is very important for the transportation companies to manage and control the hydrocarbon dew point in the gas transportation through pipelines and production facilities. The necessary measures must be taken …

  • Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium

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    The calculation of vapor-liquid equilibrium is also named P-T flash calculation. It performs the calculation of the compositions in both vapor and liquid phases should the system exists vapor and liquid phases.

    There are twelve (12) equations of state available for selection combined with the certain mixing rules：

    Soave-Redlich-Kwong (SRK), 1972

    Peng-Robinson (PR), 1978

    Peng-Robinson (PR), 1976

    Peng-Robinson (Magoulas & Tassios revision), 1990

    Adachi-Lu- …

  • Vapor-Oil-Water Phase Equilibrium

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    The calculation of multiphase equilibrium is also called multiphase P-T flash calculation. This module of cloud computing performs the calculation of multiphase equilibria in the systems containing more than two phases: a gas phase, a liquid hydrocarbon phase, an aqueous phase and solid phase should the system exist multiple phases. At certain conditions, the system exists a CO2-rich liquid phase. The equilibrium state is characterized by minimizing the Gibbs free energy. …

  • Characterization of End Fraction in Reservoir Fluids

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    The characterization of the end fraction in reservoir fluids plays an important role in predicting the fluids properties and its phase behavior using equations of state. The reservoir fluid samples analyzed by the laboratory consist of an end fraction (Cn+) which is a mixture with unknown properties. The characterization on the end fraction is to use a group of pseudo-components to represent it by estimating the physical properties (critical temperature, Tc, critical pressure Pc …

  • Composition Gradient with Depth in Reservoir

    Run Module

    The temperature and pressure as well as the compositions of the reservoir fluids vary with depth. While the deeper the depth, the higher the temperature and pressure, the compositions of the reservoir fluids are not necessarily changed monotonously. In general, the concentrations of the light components decrease with the depth while that of the heavy components increase. The changes of the compositions cause the changes of the fluid properties, such as, density and viscosity, …

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